Leukemia was the first disease in which the involvement of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was reported. MHC is a polygenic and polymorphic system containing the loci for genes coding class I, II and III of HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) genes which are one of the most polymorphic loci in the human genome, located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p23). In the present study, the relation between HLA-A,-B various alleles and ALL disease was investigated in Iranian patients. Eleven ALL cases who referred to bone marrow transplantation department of Taleghani Hospital and fifty healthy controls were randomly selected. DNA extraction was performed by salting out method followed by HLA-A, -B typing based on PCR-SSP technique using HLA-READY GENE of Inno-Train kits. DNA analysis demonstrated that the frequency of HLAA*11 (pc= 0.009; OR: 9.510; 95% CI: 2.077- 43.537) was significantly higher in ALL patients than controls. According to these results, the HLA –A alleles may lead to susceptibility to ALL in Iranian patients. The results suggest that there is contribution between HLA-A*11 gene and ALL developing in Iranian patients. But, large sample size should be study to achieve more reliable outcomes

Blood cancer is a malignant progressive disease of hematopoietic organs that is introduced as uncontrollable proliferation of hematopoietic cells. The precursors of bone marrow cannot evaluate to normal cells and as a result, premature cells exceed the blood circulation. The abnormal blood cells are insufficient, so, at the end stage, it leads to patient death. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes which are one of the most polymorphic loci in the human genome are located on the short arm of chromosome 6. HLA genes play a main role in the control of immune response. 75% of acute leukemia cases are ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia). The disease is more prevalent among children and the age of onset is about 3 -7 years. Caucasians are infected twice more than African- Americans.

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Jones Carrol